XEP-0239: Binary XMPP

Abstract
This specification defines Binary XMPP, an obviously superior representation of the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).
Authors
  • Pedro Melo
  • Peter Saint-Andre
  • Fabio Forno
Copyright
© 1999 – 2020 XMPP Standards Foundation. SEE LEGAL NOTICES.
Status

Active

NOTICE: This document is Humorous. It MAY provide amusement but SHOULD NOT be taken seriously.
Type
Humorous
Version
1.0 (2008-04-01)
Document Lifecycle
  1. Active

1. Introduction

Everyone knows that binary data encodings are much more efficient than the Extensible Markup Language (XML). Given that XMPP is an application profile of XML, it is a wonder that XMPP works at all! Clearly, XMPP would benefit from a binary representation. Therefore, this specification defines Binary XMPP.

2. Protocol

XMPP Core [1] defines the traditional representation of XMPP. For instance, an empty presence stanza (such as might be provided on login) is as follows:

Example 1. Traditional XMPP stanza
<presence/>

That string can be represented in binary as follows:

Example 2. Binary representation
0011110001110000011100100110010101110011011001010110111001100011011001010010111100111110

The bit sequence is therefore represented in Binary XMPP as follows (line breaks are provided only for the purpose of readability):

Example 3. Binary XMPP representation
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/>
<zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/>
<zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/>
<zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/>
<zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/>
<zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/>
<zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>
<zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/>
<zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/>
<zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/>
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>

This is an obvious improvement over the traditional representation.

It might be objected that the Binary XMPP representation requires a large number of XML elements. However, because all data is represented using only <zero/> and <one/>, the protocol can be significantly compressed using the standard ZLIB compression algorithm as defined in RFC 1950 [2], which SHOULD be enabled by default on the bxmpp port. Evidence from preliminary testing indicates that compression of Binary XMPP results in a representation less than 2% of the original size!

As a further simplification, Binary XMPP gets rid of the complicated stream negotiation process defined in RFC 3920. Instead, if a server supports Binary XMPP it advertises a special DNS SRV record _bxmpp._tcp in accordance with RFC 2782 [3]. Furthermore, only one record is needed, thus saving precious port space. The RECOMMENDED port for Binary XMPP communication is 10110, but any port MAY be used.

To start a Binary XMPP stream, the sender simply connects via TCP at the advertised port and starts sending <zero/> and <one/> elements. The lack of a stream header simplifies XML parsing, introducing further performance improvements.

3. Examples

The following examples showcase the tremendous efficiency of Binary XMPP using a complete session between a client and a server.

Example 4. Client sends initial stream header (XMPP)
<stream:stream
     from='juliet@example.com'
     to='example.com'
     version='1.0'
     xml:lang='en'
     xmlns='jabber:client'
     xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
Example 5. Binary XMPP representation
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>
Example 6. Server sends response stream header (XMPP)
<stream:stream
     from='example.com'
     id='t7AMCin9zjMNwQKDnplntZPIDEI='
     to='juliet@example.com'
     version='1.0'
     xml:lang='en'
     xmlns='jabber:client'
     xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
Example 7. Binary XMPP representation
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>
Example 8. Server sends stream features (XMPP)
<stream:features>
  <starttls xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-tls'>
    <required/>
  </starttls>
</stream:features>
Example 9. Binary XMPP representation
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>
Example 10. Client sends STARTTLS command to server
<starttls xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-tls'/>
Example 11. Binary XMPP representation
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>
Example 12. Server informs client that it is allowed to proceed
<proceed xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-tls'/>
Example 13. Binary XMPP representation
<zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/><zero/><one/><one/><one/><one/><one/><zero/>

And so on. Much more efficient, eh?

4. Internationalization Considerations

The <zero/> and <one/> elements use English-language words as the element names. Clearly it would have been preferable to define an i18n-friendly binding, such that German-language applications could encode Binary XMPP using the <null/> and <eins/> elements, Greek-language applications could use the <μηδέν/> and <ἑνα/> elements, etc. Flexibility regarding internationalization of the element names may be added in Binary XMPP 2.0.

5. Security Considerations

Because it is simply an alternative representation of XMPP, Binary XMPP inherits all of the security characteristics of XMPP (the good, the bad, and the ugly).

Use of port 10110 is obviously secure, since 10110 in base 2 is 22 in base 10, the same default port as Secure Shell (see RFC 4251 [4]).

6. IANA Considerations

The XMPP Registrar [5] shall work with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [6] to register "bxmpp" as a keyword for port 10111.

7. XMPP Registrar Considerations

The XMPP Registrar shall include 'urn:xmpp:bxmpp' in its registry of protocol namespaces (see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/namespaces.html>).

8. XML Schema

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

<xs:schema
    xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
    targetNamespace='urn:xmpp:bxmpp'
    xmlns='urn:xmpp:bxmpp'
    elementFormDefault='qualified'>

  <xs:element name='one' type='empty'/>
  <xs:element name='zero' type='empty'/>

  <xs:simpleType name='empty'>
    <xs:restriction base='xs:string'>
      <xs:enumeration value=''/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>

</xs:schema>

9. Acknowledgements

Thanks to Kevin Smith for his feedback.

Appendices

Appendix A: Document Information

Series
XEP
Number
0239
Publisher
XMPP Standards Foundation
Status
Active
Type
Humorous
Version
1.0
Last Updated
2008-04-01
Approving Body
XMPP Council
Dependencies
XMPP Core
Supersedes
None
Superseded By
None
Short Name
N/A
Source Control
HTML

This document in other formats: XML  PDF

Appendix B: Author Information

Pedro Melo
Email
011011010110010101101100011011110100000001110011011010010110110101110000011011000110100101100011011010010110010001100001011001000110010100101110011011110111001001100111
JabberID
011011010110010101101100011011110100000001110011011010010110110101110000011011000110100101100011011010010110010001100001011001000110010100101110011011110111001001100111
Peter Saint-Andre
Email
011100110111010001110000011001010111010001100101011100100100000001101010011000010110001001100010011001010111001000101110011011110111001001100111
JabberID
011100110111010001110000011001010111010001100101011100100100000001101010011000010110001001100010011001010111001000101110011011110111001001100111
Fabio Forno
Email
011001100110000101100010011010010110111100101110011001100110111101110010011011100110111101000000011001110110110101100001011010010110110000101110011000110110111101101101
JabberID
011001100110011001000000011010100110000101100010011000100110010101110010001011100110001001101100011101010110010101101110011001000110111100101110011000110110111101101101

Copyright

This XMPP Extension Protocol is copyright © 1999 – 2020 by the XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF).

Permissions

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this specification (the "Specification"), to make use of the Specification without restriction, including without limitation the rights to implement the Specification in a software program, deploy the Specification in a network service, and copy, modify, merge, publish, translate, distribute, sublicense, or sell copies of the Specification, and to permit persons to whom the Specification is furnished to do so, subject to the condition that the foregoing copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Specification. Unless separate permission is granted, modified works that are redistributed shall not contain misleading information regarding the authors, title, number, or publisher of the Specification, and shall not claim endorsement of the modified works by the authors, any organization or project to which the authors belong, or the XMPP Standards Foundation.

Disclaimer of Warranty

## NOTE WELL: This Specification is provided on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ##

Limitation of Liability

In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall the XMPP Standards Foundation or any author of this Specification be liable for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising from, out of, or in connection with the Specification or the implementation, deployment, or other use of the Specification (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if the XMPP Standards Foundation or such author has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

IPR Conformance

This XMPP Extension Protocol has been contributed in full conformance with the XSF's Intellectual Property Rights Policy (a copy of which can be found at <https://xmpp.org/about/xsf/ipr-policy> or obtained by writing to XMPP Standards Foundation, P.O. Box 787, Parker, CO 80134 USA).

Visual Presentation

The HTML representation (you are looking at) is maintained by the XSF. It is based on the YAML CSS Framework, which is licensed under the terms of the CC-BY-SA 2.0 license.

Appendix D: Relation to XMPP

The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 6120) and XMPP IM (RFC 6121) specifications contributed by the XMPP Standards Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this document has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.

Appendix E: Discussion Venue

The primary venue for discussion of XMPP Extension Protocols is the <standards@xmpp.org> discussion list.

Discussion on other xmpp.org discussion lists might also be appropriate; see <http://xmpp.org/about/discuss.shtml> for a complete list.

Errata can be sent to <editor@xmpp.org>.

Appendix F: Requirements Conformance

The following requirements keywords as used in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119: "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED"; "MUST NOT", "SHALL NOT"; "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED"; "SHOULD NOT", "NOT RECOMMENDED"; "MAY", "OPTIONAL".

Appendix G: Notes

1. RFC 6120: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Core <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6120>.

2. RFC 1950: ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version 3.3 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1950>.

3. RFC 2782: A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV) <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782>.

4. RFC 4251: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Architecture <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4251>.

5. The XMPP Registrar maintains a list of reserved protocol namespaces as well as registries of parameters used in the context of XMPP extension protocols approved by the XMPP Standards Foundation. For further information, see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/>.

6. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols, such as port numbers and URI schemes. For further information, see <http://www.iana.org/>.

Appendix H: Revision History

Note: Older versions of this specification might be available at http://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/

  1. Version 1.0 (2008-04-01)

    April Fools!

    pm/psa/ff

END